Araucaria columnaris (J. R. Forst.) Hook.
араукария колончатая (araukariya kolonchataya) (araukaria koloncataa (araukariya kolonchataya))
другие имена
| Международно признанное торговое наименование (ATIBT) | ||
| English | Cook's pine; New Caledonia pine | |
| Français | pin colonnaire; | |
| Русский | араукария колончатая (araukariya kolonchataya) (araukaria koloncataa (araukariya kolonchataya)); | |
| 中文 | 柱状南洋杉 (zhu zhuang nan yang shan) (zhu zhuang nan yang shan (zhu zhuang nan yang shan)) | |
| другие имена |
происхождения
| Штаты и территории | Southwestern Pacific; Новая Каледония; New Caledonia. Grande Terre (Province Sud), Isle of Pines, Loyalty Islands. On Grande Terre, it occurs along the SE and S coast from the Baie de Kouakoué at 21°55? S to the Baie de Prony at the southern end of the island. [The map presented here is based on herbarium collections and does not show several off-shore island localities on the SE coast which are seldom visited by botanists.] On the small island Ile Porc Epic near Nouméa it is also thought to occur naturally. It is the only Araucaria species native to the Isle of Pines and the Loyalty Islands, where it is found on the Iles Ouvéa, Lifou and Maré. The Polynesian colonists had already planted it extensively in these and other localities on the coasts when Europeans arrived. It is possible that the isolated population at Baie des Tortues on the SW coast (see map) was originally planted. Araucaria columnaris is strictly littoral and does not occur naturally more than 100 m from the beaches except on the Isle of Pines. First discovered on Captain Cook's Second Voyage, "on that extremity of New Caledonia, called Queen Charlotte's Foreland, and on a small neighbouring Island, named by Captain Cook Botany Island, which is a mere sand bank .... also on another island, called by our voyagers the Isle of Pines, from its being almost covered with the above mentioned tree" (Lambert, 1806). Many dictionary definitions etc. also mention Vanuatu (= New Hebrides) as part of the distribution of A. columnaris but these appear all to have copied each other. The original source of this information appears to have been Filippi Parlatore who, in his treatment of Araucaria for De Candolle's Prodromus (1868) cites two records, "in insula Observatory (Mac Gillivray) et insula Aniteura Novarum Hebridum ubi rara (C. Moore!)". As regards the first locality, John MacGillivray was part of the HMS Herald expedition, which named three separate islets on the coral reefs known as Chesterfield Reefs, west of New Caledonia, Observatory Cay: they are located on the Kenn Reefs at 21° l6? S, l55° 48? E, on Frederick Reefs at 21°02? S, l54° 23? E, and on the Middle Bellona Reefs at 21° 24? S, l58° 5l? E (Bourne et al., 2005). It is not known from which one of these MacGillivray collected his specimen. A. columnaris has been too successfully introduced to the Chesterfield Reefs in recent times (Atkinson & Atkinson, 2000) so it might well have grown there, either naturally or as an earlier introduction, in the 19th century. Moore's record from "insula Aniteura" of the New Hebrides is also quite plausible, since the island (now known as Aneityum, which Moore visited on the voyage of the Havannah in 1850) is the southernmost island of Vanuatu and closer to the Loyalty Islands than the Chesterfield Reefs are to the western coast of New Caledonia. It cannot, therefore, be said with certainty that Araucaria columnaris has always been endemic to New Caledonia although it has only been collected there in modern times. However, the possibility that the records from Aneityum and Chesterfield Reefs represent introductions by Kanak sailors cannot be discounted. | |||
ботаника
| Reich | Plantae | |||
| штамм | Tracheophyta | |||
| Голосеменных | Gymnosperm | |||
| класс | Pinopsida | |||
| заказ | Pinales | |||
| семья | Araucariaceae | |||
| род | Araucaria | |||
| виды | columnaris | |||
| Авторское цитирование | (J. R. Forst.) Hook. | |||
| Научное название | Araucaria columnaris (J. R. Forst.) Hook. | |||
Rабитус
| Тип древесины | мягкая древесина | |||
Естественная прочность
(в соответствии с EN 350)
| Грибковое поле сопротивления | DC | |||
Появления
Древесина
Araucaria columnaris , ©Dennis Wilson
Лаять
, Bark , ©Dennis Wilson
Листья
, Leaves , ©Dennis Wilson
, Leaves , ©Dennis Wilson
Ответвляться
, Branch , ©Dennis Wilson